Britannian Magic



The magic of Britannia is a highly complex art, which only very few can master. The ability to do magic can't be learned. Either it is with the mage from birth, or it will never come at all. Even if the ability is there, it takes years to learn the art. Once it is learned, the mage can accomplish feats both devastating and constructive. To perform magic successfully, several things have to be in the possession of or known by the caster.

This section will explain how magic in Britannia works in the Ultima series, and what rules need to be followed when casting a spell.

Magic Before the Current Rules
As more and more information about the art and science of magic has been discovered, the rules of casting spells have changed significantly over time.

During the Age of Darkness (up to Ultima III), no reagents were needed for spellcasting, and the now well-known words of power were not yet in use. Although many spells of this time resembled their more modern counterparts (at least in effects), the final results of these earlier incantations could be somewhat unstable and highly ritualized processes were needed to make magic reliable. For more on that time, see "Sosarian Magic".

After the founding of Britannia, in the first two Ages of Enlightenment (Ultima IV and Ultima V), the spells of magic had to be mixed manually by combining the reagent after strict guidelines. These mixtures were then used in combination with speaking the correct words of power to activate them, destroying one "use" of the mixture in the process. Also, in the early Age of Enlightenment, the now discovered rules of the magic cicles was yet undiscovered and the selection of spells followed no set pattern.

From Ultima VI onward, the current rules apply for all magic in Britannia.

The Spellbook
For the mage the spellbook is the most central and important part of casting spells, as without it no magic can be done. In the spellbook, all spells known to the mage are written down for easy access. Spells can be learned from other mages - of course for a fitting price - and then recorded in the book for later use. Typically, the more experienced a mage is, the more expansive his or her spellbook becomes. Very experienced mages can even create their own spell and then add these to their spellbooks.

Spellbooks came into widespread use beginning with Ultima VI. Before that time, spellbooks weren't required and the spells were mixed directly. In Ultima V, magic scrolls appeared which duplicated the various spell effects, but they were somewhat impractical and fell out of use rather quick. Starting with Ultima VI, spellbooks can be readily bought from other mages, and Lord British has one ready for the Avatar at the beginning of both this game and in his castle in Ultima VII. A few other spellbooks can be found in the latter game, but these don't have any real use and sport numerous gaps in the spell selection.

Spellbooks would go on to continue being the centerpiece of all magic in Britannia even in a different age. 

Reagents


The other components needed for the spellcaster to practise magic are reagents, chemical substances that provide a link between the physical world of the spellcaster and the ethereal waves of magic. Each reagent can be found in specific places, or be purchased from other mages who deal in such transactions. Reagents have to be prepared in a special manner before they can be used to cast any spells.

For information where to buy the various reagents, complete with prices, see Reagents.

The following reagents have been in use ever since Ultima IV, where the magic system was first altered significantly, becoming more complex. These have consistently appeared in every Ultima installment set in Britannia:

Black Pearl
Fewer than one in ten thousand pearls is black. These pearls have been mainly found at the base of tall cliffs on Buccaneer's Den, although other beaches in Britannia are not out of question. Black pearl is ground up into a fine powder for use as a reagent. The black pearl reagent is used as kinetic propellant in spells.

These pearls can be bought from reagent vendors, although prices are high due to rarity. There also is confusion if a perfect Black Pearl is needed for spellcasting, as sources are conflicting. (Though if only perfect pearls are to be used, the price should and would be much higher than it already is) 

Blood Moss
The only places where this strange substance - which in reality is a fungus instead of a moss - can be located, are in the Bloody Plains across the mountains from Cove, where many years ago thousands of soldiers lost their lives, or in the enchanted forest of Spiritwood, beneath the rotting bark of dead trees. Blood Moss is used to enhance mobility and movement in a spell.

Blood Moss can be bought in reagent shops without much of a problem due to a steady supply. 

Garlic
There are few kitchens in all of Britannia that are not supplied with at least a few cloves of this spice, which is infamous for the strong odor it creates. Garlic cloves are washed and ground into a paste for usage as a spell reagent, providing significant protection from harmful magic.

Garlic is a common spice, and thus can be bought nearly anywhere, even at a farmers' market. 

Ginseng
The healers of Britannia have known of the healthful and restorative powers of this bitter root for hundreds of years. But to the mage it requires special preparation before it can be used in casting. It must be boiled and reboiled in the freshest of water no less than forty times! This reduces it to a strong-smelling syrup that makes a very potent reagent.

Ginseng is commonly found for sale in reagent shops, as the plant is not rare. 

Mandrake Root
A most sought after magical reagent is this man-shaped root. It is one of the most difficult of all reagents to prepare, for in being dug up the tap root of the mandrake plant must not be broken. Also, that root itself must be properly prepared, boiled and dried. Mandrake root can be found in the Bloody Plains and in a swamp known as the Fens of the Dead, south of Paws. As a reagent it increases the power of the desired enchantment.

In Ultima IV, Mandrake Root can only be found. Later, it can be found for sale at reagent vendors, usually at highly inflated prices due to the limited supply. 

Nightshade
Nightshade used for spellcasting is not to be confused with the rank-smelling plant of the same name. The fungal cap from this rare and unusual mushroom may be either crushed or boiled into a tea. The mage must always use great care when handling nightshade, for it is not only a very potent hallucinogenic, it is also extremely poisonous. This reagent adds illusion or poison effects to a spell.

Nightshade can only be acquired through searching in Ultima IV in the deepest Spiritwood or near the Shrine of Sacrifice. It can be bought in later games, but is usually expensive due to its toxicity.

The description of Nightshade is misleading in Ultima IX, where it was said to be a leaf plant, which goes against all information previously known. 

Spider Silk
While this slik from spiders is a common reagent, it can be very difficult to gather any significant quantity of it from any single source. Mages have been known to frequent caves and crypts and even run their own personal spider farms of Giant Spiders in order to maintain an abundant supply of spider's silk. It usually takes at least an ounce of silk to cast a spell. This reagent adds binding powers for spells.

Spider Silk can be bought at reagent vendors and occasionally found in spider colonies. 

Sulfurous Ash
The great quantities of ash generated by a volcanic eruption makes this a common commodity as far as magical reagents go, but one usually has to travel in order to acquire a large quantity of it, since the active volcanos of Britannia are mainly located on the Isle of the Avatar and some other islands. Adds high levels of energy to the spells which require it as a reagent.

One of the more common reagents, sulfurous ash can be readily purchased or found in volcanic places like the Isle of the Avatar. 

Words of Power
The last and most critical aspect of magic is the incantation itself. These words have to be spoken when activating the spell, in order to free the power of the forces tampered with. The correct combination of the syllables, combined with the proper reagents, is what defines the spell. Following are the syllables, their translated meanings, and proper pronunciation.

In Ultima V, the magic words had to be typed in by hand. From Ultima VI onwards, the computer did all this work, thus making spellcasting much easier.

The Spells and Casting
Casting a spell is done by holding the Spellbook in one hand, open to the page containing the desired spell, and chanting the right Words of Power. The prepared reagents are actually not required to be held in the other hand; they need only be in the possession of the spellcaster. They will vanish in the right quantity as the spell's effects take place. However, for this to happen, the mage also needs to be experienced enough for the Circle of Magic in which the spell is located in.

There are a great number of magic spells in the Britannian magic system -- far too many to list on this page. Therefore, they are found in their own category: Britannian Spells.

For where to buy the various spells to which prices, see:
 * Ultima VI Magic Shops
 * Ultima VII Magic Shops